Ubuntu

To get one of them, you must swipe your credit card for approx. US$50 and up. How does the free version? Don’t worry, you can use the VirtualBox to using virtual machine free of charge. Although it’s free, VirtualBox has good performance. So, I want test it above Windows XP and try to install Ubuntu 8.10 as its guest OS.

And here are the steps:

1. Download latest version of VirtualBox.
2. If you don’t have it yet, Download Ubuntu 8.10 ISO file.
3. Install, VirtualBox. It’s very easy, mostly just click Next button.
4. After VirtualBox is installed, open it.
5. First, setting up your virtual hard drive by click File -> Virtual Media Manager menu.
6. In Virtual Media Manager, click Action -> New menu.
7. Follow all screen in Create New Virtual Disk wizard. I suggest Dynamically expanding storage as Storage Type value.
   
   Give it file name and adjust its size, I recommend to at least 4GB.
   
8. After virtual hard drive is created, in VirtualBox screen click Machine -> New menu.
9. Give it the name that representative to Ubuntu such as Ubuntu 8.10 and Operating System to Linux and Version to Ubuntu.
   
10. I recommend to adjust memory size to at least 512MB, in next screen, choose your virtual hard drive that you created and then in next screen click Finish button to finalize the wizard.
11. Then, boot up the machine with your Ubuntu ISO that attached as virtual CD/DVD. To do this, click Machine -> Settings menu.
12. Click tab CD/DVD ROM, check the Mount CD/DVD Drive, click ISO Image File and then browse to your download iso file.
    
13. Start your virtual machine by click Machine -> Start menu.
14. Then follow the Ubuntu installation wizard. It’s very easy, I no doubt about that…
    
    
15. After installation progress is done (based on my experiment, it takes about an hour), it will restart the virtual machine and… your Ubuntu is started.
    
    

Hopefully, this article can help you to install Ubuntu above your exist Windows XP.

I will keep updating this list if I get a new list.

(article no:0101)

You can subtitute command man (number 18) with info <command>, for example info fsck.
The BASH shell also offers a rename command, but this is usually used to rename many files at once, so I think mv command is more efficiently.
Hopefully, it can help you…..

(article no:0080)

2. kill
You can force quit a locked program with this command. Yup, you can use the Activity Monitor and force quit the locked program with it. But this command can be a helpful command, for example if you want kill program at remote Mac OS X through telnet, you can use this command (Sometimes I feel it close faster than using GUI version). Unless you use sudo command, you can kill your ‘own’ program. My suggest is run top command first to get program ID number, and type kill -parameter id number. For example if you want close program Smultron that has ID number 975 (figure-1) and you want kill it with parameter KILL(non-catchable, non-ignorable) type kill -9 975 and Smultron will closed soon.

3. bc
If you are in UNIX shell environment and you need calculator, it means you need this command. I am very like this command because simple and fast (you are not having to open GUI calculator version or dashboard). To use it just type bc at prompt. And type the expression that want you calculate, for example type 2*3. That’s so simple, isn’t it? To exit from this command, types quit and then press ENTER.

4. open
You can open a file or more with its association program or you may open it with your chosen program. For example, if you want open Safari program, just type open -a Safari or you want open file test.htm with Safari just type open -a Safari test.htm. Maybe you think this command isn’t too useful, but wait for minutes… you can open all files with specified file name. For example you want open files that containing with word test, just type open -a Safari *test* and then press ENTER. And all files in the folder that have part name “test” will opened with Safari. This command can be more powerful if you use it into automated script.

5. ps
If you look another way to look all the programs that running on your Mac, even it invisible, just type ps -auxw and you will get the detail.

6. shutdown
You can shutdown your Mac instantly with this command. You need root user for run this command. To use this command just type shutdown -

7. gzip
This command to compress a file and delete it automatically. For example if you want compress file test.txt, type gzip test.txt. That’s so simple, isn’t it?

8. tar
If you’re a UNIX user, maybe you’re very like with this format if you want combining/compress multiple files. To use it type: tar -cf file.tar destination file/folder. For example if you want to combining file test.htm to test.tar, type tar -cf test.tar test htm and you files will combining them into one file with light speed and if you want combining and compress it type tar -czf test.tar /Document/test so all files inside test folder will combining and compress into test.tar

9. zip
Zip format is very popular with Windows user. Zip command will combining and compresses them. To use it type zip file_name.zip destination file/folder, for example if you want zip all files inside test folder type into my_file.zip file, type zip my_file.zip /Document/test/. For note:
a. For tar and zip you can zip multiple files with some criteria. For example if you want zip all files that containing word “s” in its filename, type zip my_file.zip *s*.
b. If you want get help on each command use info or man command, for example info zip or man gzip.
Hopefully, this article may help you….
(article no:0087)